11 research outputs found
Sharing gNB components in RAN slicing: A perspective from 3GPP/NFV standards
To implement the next Generation NodeBs (gNBs) that are present in every
Radio Access Network (RAN) slice subnet, Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
enables the deployment of some of the gNB components as Virtual Networks
Functions (VNFs). Deploying individual VNF instances for these components could
guarantee the customization of each RAN slice subnet. However, due to the
multiplicity of VNFs, the required amount of virtual resources will be greater
compared to the case where a single VNF instance carries the aggregated traffic
of all the RAN slice subnets. Sharing gNB components between RAN slice subnets
could optimize the trade-off between customization, isolation and resource
utilization. In this article, we shed light on the key aspects in the Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)/NFV standards for sharing gNB components.
First, we identify four possible scenarios for sharing gNB components. Then, we
analyze the impact of sharing on the customization level of each RAN slice
subnet. Later, we determine the main factors that enable isolation between RAN
slice subnets. Finally, we propose a 3GPP/NFV-based description model to define
the lifecycle management of shared gNB componentsComment: Article accepted for publication in IEEE Conference on Standards and
Networking (CSCN) 201
Automated Network Service Scaling in NFV: Concepts, Mechanisms and Scaling Workflow
Next-generation systems are anticipated to be digital platforms supporting
innovative services with rapidly changing traffic patterns. To cope with this
dynamicity in a cost-efficient manner, operators need advanced service
management capabilities such as those provided by NFV. NFV enables operators to
scale network services with higher granularity and agility than today. For this
end, automation is key. In search of this automation, the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has defined a reference NFV
framework that make use of model-driven templates called Network Service
Descriptors (NSDs) to operate network services through their lifecycle. For the
scaling operation, an NSD defines a discrete set of instantiation levels among
which a network service instance can be resized throughout its lifecycle. Thus,
the design of these levels is key for ensuring an effective scaling. In this
article, we provide an overview of the automation of the network service
scaling operation in NFV, addressing the options and boundaries introduced by
ETSI normative specifications. We start by providing a description of the NSD
structure, focusing on how instantiation levels are constructed. For
illustrative purposes, we propose an NSD for a representative NS. This NSD
includes different instantiation levels that enable different ways to
automatically scale this NS. Then, we show the different scaling procedures the
NFV framework has available, and how it may automate their triggering. Finally,
we propose an ETSI-compliant workflow to describe in detail a representative
scaling procedure. This workflow clarifies the interactions and information
exchanges between the functional blocks in the NFV framework when performing
the scaling operation.Comment: This work has been accepted for publication in the IEEE
Communications Magazin
Sharing gNB components in RAN slicing: A perspective from 3GPP/NFV standards
To implement the next Generation NodeBs (gNBs)
that are present in every Radio Access Network (RAN) slice
subnet, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enables the
deployment of some of the gNB components as Virtual Networks
Functions (VNFs). Deploying individual VNF instances for these
components could guarantee the customization of each RAN slice
subnet. However, due to the multiplicity of VNFs, the required
amount of virtual resources will be greater compared to the case
where a single VNF instance carries the aggregated traffic of all
the RAN slice subnets. Sharing gNB components between RAN
slice subnets could optimize the trade-off between customization,
isolation and resource utilization. In this article, we shed light
on the key aspects in the Third Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP)/NFV standards for sharing gNB components. First, we
identify four possible scenarios for sharing gNB components.
Then, we analyze the impact of sharing on the customization
level of each RAN slice subnet. Later, we determine the main
factors that enable isolation between RAN slice subnets. Finally,
we propose a 3GPP/NFV-based description model to define the
lifecycle management of shared gNB componentsThis work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development
Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R)Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 17/01844)Andalusian Knowledge
Agency (project ATIC-241-UGR18)
Analytical Model for the UE Blocking Probability in an OFDMA Cell providing GBR Slices
This work is partially supported by the H2020 research and innovation
project 5G-CLARITY (Grant No. 871428); the Spanish Ministry of Economy
and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund (Project
PID2019-108713RB-C53); and the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture
and Sport (FPU Grant 17/01844).When a network operator designs strategies for planning and
operating Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) slices, there are inherent issues
such as the under(over)-provisioning of radio resources. To avoid them,
modeling the User Equipment (UE) blocking probability in each cell is
key. This task is challenging due to the total required bandwidth
depends on the channel quality of each UE and the spatio-temporal
variations in the number of UE sessions. Under this context, we propose
an analytical model to evaluate the UE blocking probability in an
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) cell. The main
novelty of our model is the adoption of a multi-dimensional Erlang-B
system which meets the reversibility property. This means our model is
insensitive to the holding time distribution for the UE session. In
addition, this property reduces the computational complexity of our
model due to the solution for the state transition probabilities has
product form. The provided results show that our model exhibits an
estimation error for the UE blocking probability below 3.5%.This work is partially supported by the H2020 research and
innovation project 5G-CLARITY (Grant No. 871428)Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund
(Project PID2019-108713RB-C53)Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 17/01844
Automated Network Service Scaling in NFV: Concepts, Mechanisms and Scaling Workflow
This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 16/03354), and the University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth Employment Program.Next-generation systems are anticipated to be digital platforms supporting innovative services with rapidly changing traffic patterns. To cope with this dynamicity in a cost-efficient manner, operators need advanced service management capabilities such as those provided by NFV. NFV enables operators to scale network services with higher granularity and agility than today. For this end, automation is key. In search of this automation, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has defined a reference NFV framework that make use of model-driven templates called Network Service Descriptors (NSDs) to operate network services through their lifecycle. For the scaling operation, an NSD defines a discrete set of instantiation levels among which a network service instance can be resized throughout its lifecycle. Thus, the design of these levels is key for ensuring an effective scaling. In this article, we provide an overview of the automation of the network service scaling operation in NFV, addressing the options and boundaries introduced by ETSI normative specifications. We start by providing a description of the NSD structure, focusing on how instantiation levels are constructed. For illustrative purposes, we propose an NSD for a representative NS. This NSD includes different instantiation levels that enable different ways to automatically scale this NS. Then, we show the different scaling procedures the NFV framework has available, and how it may automate their triggering. Finally, we propose an ETSI-compliant workflow to describe in detail a representative scaling procedure. This workflow clarifies the interactions and information exchanges between the functional blocks in the NFV framework when performing the scaling operation.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund
(Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R)Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 16/03354)University of Granada,
Andalusian Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth
Employment Program
Handover Implementation in a 5G SDN-based Mobile Network Architecture
This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional
Development Fund (project TIN2013-46223-P), and the Spanish
Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU grant
13/04833).Requirements for 5G mobile networks includes a
higher flexibility, scalability, cost effectiveness and energy efficiency.
Towards these goals, Software Defined Networking (SDN)
and Network Functions Virtualization have been adopted in
recent proposals for future mobile networks architectures because
they are considered critical technologies for 5G. In this paper,
we propose an X2-based handover implementation in an SDNbased
and partially virtualized LTE architecture. Moreover, the
architecture considered operates at link level, which provides
lower latency and higher scalability. In our implementation, we
use MPLS tunnels for user plane instead of GTP-U protocol,
which introduces a significant overhead. To verify the correct
operation of our system, we developed a simulator. It implements
the messages exchange and processing of the primary network
entities. Using this tool we measured the handover preparation
and completion times, whose estimated values were roughly 6.94
ms and 8.31 ms, respectively, according to our experimental
setup. These latencies meet the expected requirements concerning
control plane delay budgets for 5G networks.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development
Fund (project TIN2013-46223-P)Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sport (FPU grant 13/04833
Harmonizing 3GPP and NFV Description Models: Providing Customized RAN Slices in 5G Networks
This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 17/01844), and the University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth Employment Program.The standardization of Radio Access Network (RAN) in mobile networks has traditionally been led by 3GPP. However, the emergence of RAN slicing has introduced new aspects that fall outside 3GPP scope. Among them, network virtualization enables the particularization of multiple RAN behaviors over a common physical infrastructure. Using Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) that comprise customized radio functionalities, each virtualized RAN, denominated RAN slice, could meet its specific requirements. Although 3GPP specifies the description model to manage RAN slices, it can neither particularize the behavior of a RAN slice nor leverage the NFV descriptors to define how its VNFs can accommodate its spatial and temporal traffic demands. In this article, we propose a description model that harmonizes 3GPP and ETSI-NFV viewpoints to manage RAN slices. The proposed model enables the translation of RAN slice requirements into customized virtualized radio functionalities defined through NFV descriptors. To clarify this proposal, we provide an example where three RAN slices with disruptive requirements are described following our solution.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund
(Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R)Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 17/01844)University of Granada,
Andalusian Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth
Employment Program
5G Non-Public Networks: Standardization, Architectures and Challenges
his work was supported in part by the H2020 Project 5G-CLARITY under Grant 871428, and in part by the Spanish National Project TRUE-5G under Grant PID2019-108713RB-C53.Fifth Generation (5G) is here to accelerate the digitization of economies and society, and open up innovation opportunities for verticals. A myriad of 5G-enabled use cases has been identified across disparate sectors like tourism, retail industry, and manufacturing. Many of the networks of these use cases are expected to be private networks, that is, networks intended for the exclusive use of an enterprise customer. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects in private 5G networks. We first identify the key requirements and enabling solutions for private 5G networks. Then, we review the latest 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 16 capabilities to support private 5G networks. Next, we provide architecture proposals for single site private networks, including the scenario in which the radio access network (RAN) is shared. Afterwards, we address mobility and multi-site private 5G network scenarios. Finally, we identify key challenges for private 5G networks.H2020 Project 5G-CLARITY 871428Spanish National Project TRUE-5G PID2019-108713RB-C5
The Creation Phase in Network Slicing: From a Service Order to an Operative Network Slice
This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R),
the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU
Grant 16/03354), and the University of Granada, Andalusian
Regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth
Employment Program.—Network slicing is considered a key mechanism to
serve the multitude of tenants (e.g. vertical industries) targeted
by forthcoming 5G systems in a flexible and cost-efficient manner.
In this paper, we present a SDN/NFV architecture with multitenancy support. This architecture enables a network slice
provider to deploy network slice instances for multiple tenants
on-the-fly, and simultaneously provision them with isolation
guarantees. Following the Network Slice as-a-Service delivery
model, a tenant may access a Service Catalog, selecting the
slice that best fits its needs and ordering its deployment. This
work provides a detailed view on the stages that a network
slice provider must follow to deploy the ordered network slice
instance, accommodating it into a multi-domain infrastructure,
and putting it operative for tenant’s consumption. These stages
address critical issues identified in the literature, including (i) the
mapping from high-level service requirements to network functions and infrastructure requirements, (ii) the admission control,
and (iii) the specific information a network slice descriptor should
have. With the proposed architecture and the recommended set
of stages, network slice providers can deploy (and later operate)
slice instances with great agility, flexibility, and full automation.This work is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development
Fund (Project TEC2016-76795-C6-4-R)Spanish Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sport (FPU Grant 16/03354)University of Granada,
Andalusian regional Government and European Social Fund under Youth
Employment Program